ArtemiaandClaude Opus 5.5
d933e348c0
Les supports .odt restent récupérables via le tag avant-quarto. Les figures ne déclarent plus que leur identifiant et leur fonction de dessin (légende et emplacement dans le .qmd). Génération SVG reproductible (sans date, identifiants stables) pour des diffs git propres. README : mode d'emploi Quarto et schémas. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
146 lines
6.4 KiB
Python
146 lines
6.4 KiB
Python
"""Module 3 — Signaux analogiques : PWM & ADC."""
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import numpy as np
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import schemdraw
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import schemdraw.elements as elm
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from style import BLEU, ORANGE, GRIS, ENCRE, VERT, CM, Figure
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schemdraw.use("matplotlib")
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def _signal_carre(rapport, periodes=3, points=2000):
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t = np.linspace(0, periodes, points, endpoint=False)
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return t, np.where((t % 1) < rapport, 3.3, 0.0)
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def pwm_rapport_cyclique():
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(16 * CM, 11 * CM), sharex=True)
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for ax, rapport in zip(axes, (0.25, 0.50, 0.75)):
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t, v = _signal_carre(rapport)
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moyenne = 3.3 * rapport
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ax.fill_between(t, v, step=None, color=BLEU, alpha=0.12)
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ax.plot(t, v, color=BLEU)
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ax.axhline(moyenne, color=ORANGE, ls="--", lw=1.8)
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ax.text(3.04, moyenne, f"moyenne\n{round(moyenne + 1e-9, 2):.2f} V".replace(".", ","),
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color=ORANGE, va="center", fontsize=9, fontweight="bold")
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ax.set_ylim(-0.3, 4.1)
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ax.set_yticks([0, 3.3], ["0 V", "3,3 V"])
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ax.set_title(f"Rapport cyclique {int(rapport * 100)} % → analogWrite(pin, {round(rapport * 255)})",
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loc="left", fontsize=10, pad=16 if rapport == 0.25 else 6)
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ax.grid(axis="x")
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# Cotes T et t_on sur le premier graphe
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ax = axes[0]
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ax.annotate("", xy=(1, 3.75), xytext=(2, 3.75),
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="<->", color=ENCRE, lw=1))
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ax.text(1.5, 3.85, "période T", ha="center", va="bottom", fontsize=8.5, color=ENCRE)
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ax.annotate("", xy=(0, 3.75), xytext=(0.25, 3.75),
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="<->", color=ENCRE, lw=1))
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ax.text(0.125, 3.85, "t$_{on}$", ha="center", va="bottom", fontsize=8.5, color=ENCRE)
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axes[-1].set_xticks([0, 1, 2, 3], ["0", "T", "2T", "3T"])
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axes[-1].set_xlabel("temps (ex. T = 0,2 ms à 5 kHz)")
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fig.tight_layout()
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return fig
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def servo_50hz():
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(16 * CM, 9.5 * CM), sharex=True)
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cas = ((1.0, "0°"), (1.5, "90°"), (2.0, "180°"))
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t = np.linspace(0, 40, 4000, endpoint=False)
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for ax, (largeur, angle) in zip(axes, cas):
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v = np.where((t % 20) < largeur, 3.3, 0.0)
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ax.plot(t, v, color=BLEU, lw=1.8)
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ax.fill_between(t, v, color=BLEU, alpha=0.12)
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ax.set_ylim(-0.3, 4.3)
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ax.set_yticks([0, 3.3], ["0 V", "3,3 V"])
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ax.text(22.8, 2.0, f"impulsion {str(largeur).replace('.', ',')} ms → bras à {angle}",
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fontsize=9, color=ENCRE, va="center")
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ax.grid(axis="x")
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ax = axes[0]
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ax.annotate("", xy=(0, 3.85), xytext=(20, 3.85),
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="<->", color=ORANGE, lw=1.2))
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ax.text(10, 3.95, "période = 20 ms (50 Hz)", ha="center", va="bottom",
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fontsize=9, color=ORANGE, fontweight="bold")
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axes[-1].set_xticks([0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40])
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axes[-1].set_xlabel("temps (ms)")
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fig.tight_layout()
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return fig
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def montage_variateur():
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d = schemdraw.Drawing(show=False)
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d.config(fontsize=11, unit=2.5, color=ENCRE)
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ic = elm.Ic(
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pins=[
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# schemdraw empile les broches de gauche de bas en haut
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elm.IcPin(name="GND", side="left", anchorname="GNDL"),
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elm.IcPin(name="GPIO1 (ADC1)", side="left", anchorname="ADC"),
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elm.IcPin(name="3V3", side="left", anchorname="V33"),
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elm.IcPin(name="GPIO4 (PWM)", side="right", anchorname="PWM", slot="1/3"),
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],
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size=(6.5, 4.2), pinfontsize=10, lblsize=13,
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).label("ESP32-S3", loc="top", fontsize=14).color(BLEU)
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d += ic
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# Potentiomètre 10 kΩ entre 3V3 et GND, curseur vers GPIO1
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haut = ic.V33
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bas = ic.GNDL
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d += elm.Line().at(haut).left().length(2.2)
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p_haut = d.here
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d += elm.Line().at(bas).left().length(2.2)
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p_bas = d.here
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d += (pot := elm.Potentiometer().at(p_haut).down().toy(p_bas).label("10 kΩ", loc="top").color(VERT))
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d += elm.Wire("-").at(pot.tap).to((ic.ADC[0], pot.tap[1])).color(VERT)
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d += elm.Ground().at(p_bas)
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# Sortie PWM : résistance 220 Ω puis LED vers GND
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d += elm.Line().at(ic.PWM).right().length(1)
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d += elm.Resistor().right().label("220 Ω").color(ORANGE)
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d += elm.LED().down().label("LED", loc="bottom").color(ORANGE)
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d += elm.Ground()
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return d.draw(show=False)
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def adc_quantification():
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fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(16 * CM, 7.5 * CM),
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gridspec_kw={"width_ratios": [1, 1.25]})
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# (a) principe de la quantification, illustré sur 3 bits
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v = np.linspace(0, 3.3, 1000)
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niveaux = 8
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code = np.minimum(np.floor(v / 3.3 * niveaux), niveaux - 1)
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ax1.plot(v, v / 3.3 * (niveaux - 1), color=GRIS, ls=":", lw=1.3, label="tension réelle")
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ax1.step(v, code, where="post", color=BLEU, label="valeur numérique")
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ax1.set_xlim(0, 3.3)
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ax1.set_yticks(range(niveaux))
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ax1.set_xlabel("tension d'entrée (V)")
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ax1.set_ylabel("valeur lue")
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ax1.set_title("(a) Principe : la tension est\ndécoupée en paliers", loc="left", fontsize=10)
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ax1.text(2.35, 0.6, "illustré avec 8 paliers (3 bits)\nl'ESP32-S3 en a 4096 (12 bits)",
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fontsize=7.5, color=GRIS, ha="center")
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ax1.legend(fontsize=7.5, loc="upper left", frameon=False)
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# (b) chaîne de conversion utilisée dans l'exercice
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ax2.plot([0, 3.3], [0, 4095], color=BLEU)
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ax2.set_xlim(0, 3.3)
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ax2.set_ylim(0, 4095)
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ax2.set_yticks([0, 1024, 2048, 3072, 4095])
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ax2.set_xlabel("tension d'entrée (V)")
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ax2.set_ylabel("analogRead()", color=BLEU)
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sec = ax2.secondary_yaxis("right", functions=(lambda x: x * 255 / 4095, lambda y: y * 4095 / 255))
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sec.set_ylabel("map() → PWM", color=ORANGE)
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sec.set_yticks([0, 85, 170, 255])
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sec.tick_params(colors=ORANGE)
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sec.spines["right"].set_visible(True)
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sec.spines["right"].set_color(ORANGE)
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ax2.plot([1.65, 1.65, 3.3], [0, 2048, 2048], color=ORANGE, ls="--", lw=1.2)
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ax2.plot(1.65, 2048, "o", color=ORANGE)
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ax2.text(1.75, 1150, "1,65 V → 2048\nmap() → 127", color=ORANGE, fontsize=8.5, fontweight="bold")
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ax2.set_title("(b) Lecture puis mise à l'échelle", loc="left", fontsize=10)
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fig.tight_layout()
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return fig
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FIGURES = [
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Figure("m03-pwm-rapport-cyclique", pwm_rapport_cyclique),
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Figure("m03-servo-50hz", servo_50hz),
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Figure("m03-montage-variateur", montage_variateur),
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Figure("m03-adc-quantification", adc_quantification),
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]
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