Illustre les modules 4 à 6 (9 figures)
M4 : trame UART 8N1, câblage série croisé. M5 : bus I2C, trame I2C, bus SPI. M6 : tâches millis(), déroulé d'une ISR, modes de déclenchement, encodeur rotatif. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Artemia
co-authored by
Claude Opus 5.5
Claude Opus 5.5
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499d11402b
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372c5a3e1e
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"""Module 6 — Interruptions matérielles & timers."""
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import numpy as np
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from outils import chronogramme
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from style import BLEU, CM, ENCRE, GRIS, ORANGE, ROUGE, VERT, Figure
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def taches_millis():
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16 * CM, 6.6 * CM))
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duree = 5200
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# loop() : itérations très rapides
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ax.vlines(np.arange(0, duree, 40), 3.1, 3.7, color=GRIS, lw=0.6)
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# LED toutes les 300 ms
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t = np.arange(0, duree + 300, 300)
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niveaux = np.arange(len(t)) % 2
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ax.step(t, 2.0 + niveaux * 0.6, where="post", color=BLEU, lw=1.6)
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# NeoPixel toutes les 1000 ms
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teintes = [ROUGE, VERT, BLEU, "#f5f5f5", ROUGE, VERT]
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for k in range(6):
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ax.add_patch(plt.Rectangle((k * 1000, 0.95), min(1000, duree - k * 1000), 0.6,
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facecolor=teintes[k], edgecolor=GRIS, lw=0.6, alpha=0.85))
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# Debug toutes les 5000 ms
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for x in (0, 5000):
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ax.plot(x, 0.3, marker="v", color=ORANGE, ms=8)
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ax.text(x + 60, 0.3, "Serial.print", fontsize=7, color=ORANGE, va="center")
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noms = [(3.4, "loop()", GRIS), (2.3, "LED (300 ms)", BLEU), (1.25, "NeoPixel (1 s)", ENCRE),
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(0.3, "debug (5 s)", ORANGE)]
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for yy, n, c in noms:
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ax.text(-80, yy, n, ha="right", va="center", fontsize=8.5, color=c, fontweight="bold")
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ax.text(duree, 3.85, "loop() tourne en permanence : à chaque tour, on teste « l'heure est-elle venue ? »",
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ha="right", fontsize=7.5, color=GRIS, style="italic")
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ax.set_xlim(-50, duree)
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ax.set_ylim(-0.1, 4.2)
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ax.set_yticks([])
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ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False)
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ax.set_xticks(range(0, 5001, 1000), [f"{s} s" for s in range(6)])
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ax.set_xlabel("millis()")
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ax.grid(axis="y", visible=False)
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fig.tight_layout()
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return fig
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def deroule_isr():
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16 * CM, 5.0 * CM))
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# Signal du bouton
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ax.step([0, 3.0, 6.0, 10], [2.6, 1.9, 2.6, 2.6], where="post", color=BLEU, lw=1.6)
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ax.text(-0.15, 2.25, "bouton\n(GPIO5)", ha="right", va="center", fontsize=8.5, fontweight="bold", color=BLEU)
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ax.annotate("front descendant\n(FALLING)", xy=(3.0, 2.25), xytext=(1.2, 3.25), fontsize=7.5, color=BLEU,
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-|>", color=BLEU, lw=0.8), ha="center")
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# Exécution du processeur
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y = 0.6
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ax.broken_barh([(0, 3.0), (3.35, 6.65)], (y, 0.7), facecolors=BLEU, alpha=0.25, edgecolor=BLEU)
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ax.broken_barh([(3.0, 0.35)], (y, 0.7), facecolors=ROUGE, edgecolor=ROUGE)
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ax.broken_barh([(5.0, 1.2)], (y, 0.7), facecolors=VERT, alpha=0.55, edgecolor=VERT)
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ax.text(-0.15, y + 0.35, "processeur", ha="right", va="center", fontsize=8.5, fontweight="bold", color=ENCRE)
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ax.text(1.5, y + 0.35, "loop()", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=8)
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ax.text(8.1, y + 0.35, "loop()", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=8)
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ax.annotate("ISR très courte :\ninterruptionDetectee = true", xy=(3.17, y), xytext=(3.4, -0.55),
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fontsize=7.5, color=ROUGE, arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-|>", color=ROUGE, lw=0.8))
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ax.text(5.6, y + 0.35, "traitement", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=7.5)
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ax.text(5.6, y + 0.95, "if (interruptionDetectee) …", ha="center", fontsize=7.2, color=VERT,
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family="monospace")
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ax.set_xlim(-1.6, 10)
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ax.set_ylim(-0.8, 3.9)
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ax.axis("off")
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fig.tight_layout()
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return fig
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def modes_declenchement():
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pts = [(0, 0), (1.5, 1), (4, 0), (6, 1), (8.5, 0)]
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fig, ax, y = chronogramme([("signal", pts)], 10, largeur_cm=16, hauteur_voie_cm=3.4)
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ax.set_xticks([])
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ax.spines["bottom"].set_visible(False)
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lignes = [("RISING", [1.5, 6], BLEU), ("FALLING", [4, 8.5], ORANGE), ("CHANGE", [1.5, 4, 6, 8.5], VERT)]
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for k, (nom, xs, c) in enumerate(lignes):
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yy = -0.7 - k * 0.7
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ax.text(-0.25, yy, nom, ha="right", va="center", fontsize=8.5, fontweight="bold", color=c)
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ax.plot([0, 10], [yy, yy], color="#e5e7eb", lw=0.8)
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for x in xs:
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ax.plot(x, yy, marker="o", color=c, ms=7)
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ax.plot([x, x], [yy, 0], color=c, lw=0.6, ls=":")
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ax.set_ylim(-3.0, 1.5)
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ax.text(10, -2.8, "● = instant où l'ISR est appelée", ha="right", fontsize=7.5, color=GRIS)
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fig.tight_layout()
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return fig
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def encodeur():
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(16 * CM, 5.2 * CM))
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cas = [("Rotation dans un sens", 0.0, "DT = HIGH → compteur++", BLEU),
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("Rotation dans l'autre sens", 0.5, "DT = LOW → compteur--", ORANGE)]
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t = np.linspace(0, 4, 2000)
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for ax, (titre, dephasage, regle, c) in zip(axes, cas):
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clk = ((t % 2) < 1).astype(float)
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dt = (((t - 0.5 + dephasage * 2) % 2) < 1).astype(float)
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ax.plot(t, clk + 1.6, color=BLEU, lw=1.6)
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ax.plot(t, dt, color=GRIS, lw=1.6)
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ax.text(-0.1, 2.1, "CLK", ha="right", va="center", fontsize=8.5, fontweight="bold", color=BLEU)
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ax.text(-0.1, 0.5, "DT", ha="right", va="center", fontsize=8.5, fontweight="bold", color=GRIS)
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for x in (1, 3):
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ax.plot([x, x], [-0.25, 2.8], color=c, lw=1, ls="--")
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etat = dt[np.searchsorted(t, x + 0.01)]
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ax.plot(x, etat, "o", color=c, ms=6)
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ax.set_title(titre, fontsize=9, loc="left")
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ax.text(2, -0.75, regle, ha="center", fontsize=8.5, color=c, fontweight="bold")
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ax.set_xlim(-0.6, 4)
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ax.set_ylim(-1.0, 2.9)
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ax.axis("off")
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fig.text(0.5, 0.02, "À chaque front descendant de CLK (pointillés), l'ISR lit l'état de DT. "
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"Le sens réel dépend du câblage.", ha="center", fontsize=7.5, color=GRIS, style="italic")
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fig.tight_layout(rect=(0, 0.06, 1, 1))
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return fig
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FIGURES = [
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Figure("m06-taches-millis", taches_millis),
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Figure("m06-deroule-isr", deroule_isr),
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Figure("m06-modes-declenchement", modes_declenchement),
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Figure("m06-encodeur", encodeur),
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]
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